Prostate Cancer Educational Information
Understanding Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer occurs when normal cells in the prostate gland mutate and proliferate uncontrollably, creating a mass known as a tumor. This cancer often develops slowly and might not present symptoms for many years. It is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men in the United States.
The Role of the Prostate
The prostate is a small, walnut-sized gland located beneath the bladder and in front of the rectum. It encircles the urethra, the tube responsible for transporting urine and semen out of the body. The prostate’s primary function is to produce seminal fluid, which supports, nourishes, and aids in the transport of sperm.
Staging and Grading of Prostate Cancer
Cancer staging describes the extent and spread of the disease within the body. Prostate cancer stages range from I to IV (one to four). Additionally, the Gleason score, which ranges from 6 to 10, is used to grade prostate cancer based on its microscopic appearance. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of these stages can be found at cancer.net/prostate.
At Singing River Health System, we offer UroNav—a technologically advanced biopsy procedure that marries MRI and ultrasound for accurate sampling and in hard-to-reach areas of the prostate.
Treatment Options for Prostate Cancer
Treatment for prostate cancer depends on the tumor’s size and location, its spread, and the patient’s overall health. In cases where prostate cancer is detected early and is growing slowly, doctors may recommend active surveillance, which involves closely monitoring the cancer and initiating treatment only if it starts to spread, causes pain, or obstructs the urinary tract.
Early Stages
For early-stage prostate cancer, options include:
- Surgery to remove the prostate and nearby lymph nodes.
- Radiation therapy.
Larger Tumors
For larger tumors or cancers likely to recur, additional treatments may include:
- Hormone therapy before surgery.
- Radiation therapy post-surgery.
- Combining hormone therapy with radiation for several months.
For metastatic prostate cancer, hormone therapy is the primary treatment, often supplemented by radiation or chemotherapy. In cases where cancer no longer responds to hormone therapy (castration-resistant prostate cancer), treatments may include chemotherapy, vaccine therapy, or newer options.
Men should consider participating in clinical trials and discuss all available treatment options with their doctor. Managing side effects, such as incontinence and sexual issues, is crucial and can often be addressed with the help of a healthcare team. This approach, known as palliative care, is a vital component of the overall treatment strategy.
Coping with Prostate Cancer
Dealing with a cancer diagnosis involves understanding the condition, effectively communicating with healthcare providers, seeking support, and actively participating in the decision-making process. It’s important to address any concerns with your healthcare team and to find emotional support for both yourself and your family.
Key Questions to Ask Your Doctor
Regular and open communication with your healthcare team is essential. Consider asking the following questions:
- What type of prostate cancer do I have?
- Can you explain my pathology report?
- What is the stage and Gleason score of my cancer? What do they signify?
- What treatment options are available to me?
- Are there any clinical trials suitable for me? How can I learn more about them?
- What treatment plan do you recommend and why?
- What is the goal of each treatment? Is it to eliminate the cancer or to manage symptoms?
- Who will be part of my treatment team, and what will their roles be?
- How will treatment affect my daily life, including work, exercise, and other activities?
- Will this treatment impact my sex life or fertility? If so, in what ways and for how long?
- What long-term side effects should I be aware of?
- Who can help me manage the costs associated with my cancer treatment?
- Where can I find emotional support for myself and my family?
- Whom should I contact with questions or problems?
- Is there anything else I should be asking?
Speak to a Urologist
Singing River partners with the urologists at the Urology Group in Gulfport and Ocean Springs to provide the latest in prostate care. Call now, as you don’t need a referral to make a first appointment.
